As the world is facing a increasingly serious demand to address climate change, the effect of water conservation has been on a sustainable environment is inarguable. Groundwater is the main source of freshwater that meets the demand of the growing domestic, industrial and agricultural sectors of the country. Over the years, it has been noticed that the need to exploit groundwater resources for diverse needs of everyday like toilet, sanitation, bathing, agriculture, drinking water, industrial and modernization is leading to tremendous water wastage.
However many technological devices are being developed to reduce water wastage, the effect will considerable if everyone contributes to water conservation by reducing or optimising groundwater usage for daily activities. Today water conservation has become very important at individual level.
Our water resources are decreasing every year. Additional, we can not originate artificial water that's why we depend on the water sources that are available on our earth. Due to the population boom and intense water requirement to suit our fastly growing modern lifestyle, water paucity is felt all over the world. This has given rise to considerable concerns over water conservation.
Adopting rainwater harvesting and recharging groundwater is one of the easiest and best step in water conservation globally. This practice can systematically be applied in place of traditional water supplies which are currently on the edge of tapping out.
Rainwater harvesting
Rainwater harvesting is a simple strategy by which the rainwater is collected and stored for further usage. With the help of artificially designed system, in this procedure there is a collection and storage of rainwater which run-offs naturally or man-made catched area e.g rock surface, hill slopes, artificially repaired, semi-wide land surface, rooftop or compounds. Rainwater is collected from surface and the rainwater can be filtered, stored and can be used in various ways or used directly for recharge objectives. Rainwater harvesting is free from many types of impurities with no maintenance costs involved, relatively low storage costs excluding periodic cleaning.
The reducing groundwater level and shifting in climate conditions, this method can go long way to help reduce the adverse effects of rising water shortage. Reserving the rainwater can help recharge local aquifers, decrease flooding and specially ascertain water availability in water scarcity zone.
Benefits of implementing rainwater harvesting :
Water bill reduction
Rainwater harvesting method are cost effective, provide high quality water, decrease dependence on well and are considerably easy to continue since they are not used for drinking, cooking or other sensitive uses. All the costs used to setup harvesting methods are more economical compared to other purification or pumping means. The cost of recharging of surface reservoirs.
Ecological benefit
Underground water storage is environmental friendly. The ecological advantages of rainwater harvesting are tremendous. It diminish the effect of flooding by funnelig off water into large tanks for recycling and helps to decrease the load on drainage systems. No land is wasted for storage objectives and no population displacement. So the ground water is not directly uncovered to evaporation and pollution. Moreover, it helps in reducing the possibility of rivers drying up.
Reduces erosion and flooding around buildings.
It reduces soil erosion and flood risk by collecting rainwater and reducing the run off of storm water to prevent urban flooding. Most building that uses rain water harvesting system have a built-up catchment area above the roof, which has ability of accumulating large amounts of water in case of rain storms.
Adequate means for irrigation purpose.
Rain water harvesting enables the collections of large amounts of water and decrease the effects of drought. Most rooftop gives the required platform to collect water. Rain water is mostly exempted from harmful chemicals, which makes it suitable for irrigation purposes.
Reduces demand on ground water.
Another important benifits is that it rises the productivity of aquifers resulting in increase of ground water levels and reducing the demand for potable water. This is very important, particularly in areas with low water levels.
There are two main method of rain water harvesting :
1• surface run off harvesting
In this technique, rain water flows away as surface run off and can be kept for further use. Surface water can be stored by redirecting the flow of small creeks and streams into reservoirs or underground. It can provide water for cattle, farming and also for general domestic use. Surface run off harvesting is most appropriate in urban areas.
Rooftop rain water can be harvested in
Ground water recharge is a hydrological method. Where water proceed downward from surface water to ground water. Recharge is central method by which water enter an aquifer. The aquifer also acts as a distribution system. The surplus rain water can be used to recharge ground water aquifer through artificial recharge techniques.
Rain water in rural areas can be harvested by :
Adopting rainwater harvesting and recharging groundwater is one of the easiest and best step in water conservation globally. This practice can systematically be applied in place of traditional water supplies which are currently on the edge of tapping out.
Rainwater harvesting
Rainwater harvesting is a simple strategy by which the rainwater is collected and stored for further usage. With the help of artificially designed system, in this procedure there is a collection and storage of rainwater which run-offs naturally or man-made catched area e.g rock surface, hill slopes, artificially repaired, semi-wide land surface, rooftop or compounds. Rainwater is collected from surface and the rainwater can be filtered, stored and can be used in various ways or used directly for recharge objectives. Rainwater harvesting is free from many types of impurities with no maintenance costs involved, relatively low storage costs excluding periodic cleaning.
The reducing groundwater level and shifting in climate conditions, this method can go long way to help reduce the adverse effects of rising water shortage. Reserving the rainwater can help recharge local aquifers, decrease flooding and specially ascertain water availability in water scarcity zone.
Benefits of implementing rainwater harvesting :
Water bill reduction
Rainwater harvesting method are cost effective, provide high quality water, decrease dependence on well and are considerably easy to continue since they are not used for drinking, cooking or other sensitive uses. All the costs used to setup harvesting methods are more economical compared to other purification or pumping means. The cost of recharging of surface reservoirs.
Ecological benefit
Underground water storage is environmental friendly. The ecological advantages of rainwater harvesting are tremendous. It diminish the effect of flooding by funnelig off water into large tanks for recycling and helps to decrease the load on drainage systems. No land is wasted for storage objectives and no population displacement. So the ground water is not directly uncovered to evaporation and pollution. Moreover, it helps in reducing the possibility of rivers drying up.
Reduces erosion and flooding around buildings.
It reduces soil erosion and flood risk by collecting rainwater and reducing the run off of storm water to prevent urban flooding. Most building that uses rain water harvesting system have a built-up catchment area above the roof, which has ability of accumulating large amounts of water in case of rain storms.
Adequate means for irrigation purpose.
Rain water harvesting enables the collections of large amounts of water and decrease the effects of drought. Most rooftop gives the required platform to collect water. Rain water is mostly exempted from harmful chemicals, which makes it suitable for irrigation purposes.
Reduces demand on ground water.
Another important benifits is that it rises the productivity of aquifers resulting in increase of ground water levels and reducing the demand for potable water. This is very important, particularly in areas with low water levels.
There are two main method of rain water harvesting :
1• surface run off harvesting
In this technique, rain water flows away as surface run off and can be kept for further use. Surface water can be stored by redirecting the flow of small creeks and streams into reservoirs or underground. It can provide water for cattle, farming and also for general domestic use. Surface run off harvesting is most appropriate in urban areas.
Rooftop rain water can be harvested in
- Tubewell
- Recharge Trench
- Recharge well
- Recharge pit
Ground water recharge is a hydrological method. Where water proceed downward from surface water to ground water. Recharge is central method by which water enter an aquifer. The aquifer also acts as a distribution system. The surplus rain water can be used to recharge ground water aquifer through artificial recharge techniques.
Rain water in rural areas can be harvested by :
- Gully plug
- Percolation tank
- Check dam, cement plug
- Contour Bund
- Dug well recharge
- Recharge shaft
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